Seamus Heaney Poetry Essays

Seamus Heaney Poetry Essays Seamus Heaney Poetry Essay Seamus Heaney Poetry Essay Essay Topic: Poetry Seamus Heaney Poems Seamus Heaney was born April 1939, the eldest member of a family containing nine children. His father lived and worked on a farm of fifty acres in Northern Ireland which was economically less prosperous than Britain, and his fathers real commitment was to cattle dealing. Seamus grew up as a country boy; his poems first came to public attention in the mid-1960s when he was active as one of a group of poets who were subsequently recognized as constituting something of a Northern School within Irish writing and at the time having to deal with the war and troubles of Northern Ireland. His first collection of poems Death of a naturalist was published in 1966 and deals with childhood and experience of life on his fathers farm, in particular Digging and Follower; which focus on his relationship with his father and how he feels as he matures. By the time he reaches maturity his view and attitude towards his father has been changed. He started off admiring his father and liking farming whereas now he realises as a poet, he cannot follow in his fathers footsteps. Primarily Digging and Follower are both concerned with Heaneys relationship with his father and both conclude with the idea that this has changed yet both however express Seamuss admiration for the skill of his father. Other poems involved into this collection consist of Blackberry picking which describes also some of his childhood memories, particularly about discovering disappointment and that things dont always last therefore developing an awareness of mortality, this poem celebrates on of the rituals of country life. Another poem in this collection is called the Early Purges which is describing a change of life and death and concerned with Heaney overcoming his childish fear and fascination with death. All his poems are about his childhood, however they all deal with different aspects, and all the poems are put together and conditioned by the sense of time. The technical term that Heaney is using is Vernacular this means him using every day-to-day speech. Digging and Follower are both, deep, thoughtful poems describing his father and his view on himself and the hard graph of farm work his father can clearly achieve. Both poems indicate Heaneys admiration for his father and his grandfather. In Follower the majestic phrase His shoulders globed suggests not only the shape of the physique Seamus admired, but also the metaphorical notion that his father meant the world to him. A nautical theme also seemed to develop through the poem, which continues the concept of respect he has for his father. To Heaney his father is symbolised as a ship with his globed shoulders like a full sail strung. As the sailing ship represents a sanctuary over the ocean, in the poem its symbolising how Seamuss father is a sanctuary to him. Follower clearly shows us Heaney imitates his father but in Digging isnt quite the case. The Follower shows his admiration to plough and grow up like his father but feels guilty not being able to do so like, I was a nuisance, tripping and falling. The title Follower is literal and metaphorical, since it is about the son following the father. It is a poem as a memory of his father as a child; all verses save the last are in the past, before the final verse which brings the reader forward where Heaney is now a man. Seamus Heaney does not use a lot of onomatopoeic words, only clicking and yapping. Heaney might have used the word clicking because in the whole sentence the word clicking can be translated that the horses are actually listening to him as if they know Seamus father. He might use the word yapping because he describes himself to when he was younger, almost as if describing himself to an annoying puppy. When reading Follower you can notice he uses several mathematical and geographical images this can be shown in verse three Narrowed and angled at the ground, mapping the furrow exactly. The word angled suggests mathematical and focus on his work and the word geographical shows geography, and close plans to detail. It draws attention to the precision with which Patric ploughs. He loved to watch his father ploughing but suggests his father is now old and instead of him being explained as the clumsy one he now turns it on his father being the nuisance he shows this It is my father who keeps stumbling behind me, I will not go away. This says now because he is a nuisance he wont go away and leave him alone. The poetry deals with a transformation in Heaney as he decides against farming. Perhaps Heaney, now an established poet having broken away from his family and their traditional employment is now uncomfortable with the decision. In Digging, Heaney clearly expresses he can remember his own role in the digging. It is set when Heaney is an adult about to become a poet; the middle section looks back 20 years before returning to the present. It was with this involvement in which enabled him to watch his father and grandfather at work and able to describe their movements with such precision. And example from the text to express this was The coarse boot nestled on the lug, the shaft against the inside knew was levered firmly. Also the words nestled and levered firmly can give us the indication of the professionalism of Heaneys father. There are also a few colloquial phrases like, By god, the old man can handle a spade in metaphor of digging and roots, showing how the poet in writing is getting back to his own roots. The speaker suggests that his father has great skill when it comes to digging; it indicates to the reader that the country life is strenuous and much effort is required to dig properly. They also give us the image not only is the man digging but also with immense skill; working on the land is a difficult job, which requires a lot of power to stay at. The image of orderly potato plants suggests that working on land is very systematic and this goes perfectly with the ploughed soil image in Follower because of the technical terms used to emphasise that working on land as a difficult and skilled profession. In Digging Heaney does feel a bit guilty as he knows digging isnt for him as shown Ive no spade to follow men like them / between my finger and thumb the squat pen rests. Squat suggesting, shortness, thick and dumpy therefore maybe difficult to use, therefore suggesting the pen may be improper and not meant to be there, either ungainly or uncomfortable. Whereas the word rests gives a sense of inertia, a comfort, still in the moment. There is a contradiction between the two words, therefore using ambivalence meaning being in two minds, a co-existence or opposite feelings. Heaney does not use this term only once he also approaches ambivalence in the forth verse quote The coarse boot nestled on the lug, the shaft. Course represents a rough and rigid texture whereas nestled gives the sense of lightness and delicacy, showing affection through the coarseness. Maybe suggesting hes uncertain or indecisive. Also shows that the time is present and the reader is as if they were reading his thoughts. In digging you can notice the tension, and that he may feel uneasy about some decisions in life. Yet he still boasts about and has a sense of pride about his grandfather. This has been shown My grandfather cut more turf in a day, than any other man in Toners bog. The language is simple and direct. Heaney is constantly finding ways to compare himself to his forefathers. Corked sloppily with paper. This reference back to his childhood is one of the most powerful in the poem. The use of the word sloppily illustrates his inability to work on the farm. In verse two Heaney expresses the notion of him being above his father, and looking down onto him digging, My father, digging. I look down. this therefore becomes symbolic that they are apart as if they dont think the same. Heaney may feel superior to his father and not in the same world. To him his father could be symbolised as nature in the outdoors and natural on the land whereas he may see himself as indoors and surrounded by a man made world, this shows maybe a wall of independence divides them. Heaney refers to poetry as when human experiences come to life. In Blackberry Picking it comes to life in the poem because he describes with enthusiasm his childhood experiences. It is an analysis of how he came to be aware of disappointment. His poetry is used to describe these experiences, almost a way of expressing how his life was then in his eyes and in this case facing the notion of decay and his sense of innocence to awareness and his awareness of developing sexuality. The poetry is brought to life by his multiple emotions he experienced and the blackberries developing as so does he. Some of these emotions he seems disgusted Rat grey fungus and they smelt of rot. These sentences create a vivid and hysterical time warp bringing the reader back into his childhood. He takes us by using his own thoughts, how the landscape was aggressive the briars scratched when he went out. In this poem a childs perspective is shown, he uses strong emotions bringing us into his thoughts of when he was a child. The reader has to look at what hes describing and through his words emotionally expresses a nai ve view on blackberry picking and this then evolves into new thoughts on death and sexuality. Heaney comes across immature when saying I felt like crying. It wasnt fair showing typical of a childs behaviour and no restraint. The poet comes across excited and in a phase of enjoyment to the extravagance of blackberry picking, he comes across almost desperate to tell the audience of his happiness of blackberry picking as if like a young child forever nagging for pointless attention. Sent us out with milk cans, pea tins, jam pots In this phrase he is suggesting he found the desire of his hobby feeling ecstatic and he would go to any lengths to get them you achieve a sense of childish excitement. But thought the poem he develops a multiple of emotions quickly changing to his vast hatred to the rot and stench theyd end up letting off. Expresses new emotions to his discovery that nothing can last forever, he expresses this in the last line Each year Id hope theyd keep, I knew they would not. In Blackberry Picking Heaney uses similes, metaphors and onomatopoeic words creating a picture. In the first line of the poem Heaney uses a metaphor Like a plate of eyes this brings the reader deeper into the poem making them feel slightly awkward, expanding their imaginations to believe almost an illusion, a fantasy picture compared to what was actually going on. It expresses the grossness he was experiencing at the time of the awful sight of the rotting blackberries which as a child would haunt him and would create an image to himself as a young boy to how he would describe this sight. Later in the poem he uses our palms as sticky as bluebeards which is a simile comparing his palms covered in the thorns and juices of the blackberries to Bluebeards erotic lifestyle, both dirty and disgusting, once again involving the evolution of his sexuality. To create vivid touchable images he uses onomatopoeic words which involves the reader within the poem, almost trying to create not only a visual image but a physical and auditory one as well, this has been shown in several places Picking this is onomatopoeic because, it makes an image of sharp pricks getting picked up slowly and painfully one at a time. Potato-drills is also a suggestion to onomatopoeia because the word sounds just like the job it was created to do, creating a whirling image of a potato drill, digging viciously into the ground. In the Early Purges once again Heaney suggests the idea of change and continues with the idea of decay but more over to the sense of life and death and to his present day learning that acceptance. He seems at first to realize that nothing can last forever, almost continuing from after Blackberry picking, picking up from his view that realising nothing will last forever. He clearly expresses heart wrenching feelings of coming to terms with death, from when the kittens drown. He continues to use vernacular language, the use of day to day speech. This helps to bring the audience into a relax environment into his eyes as a six year old. He tells us how he was scared of the animals and had a tremendous fear for big rats, snared rabbits and shot crows he uses this poem to tell his feelings at the time of his emotions towards death and the petrified emotion towards the actions towards the animals. An example of vernacular, every day to day speech Heaney has used is in the third stanza sure isnt it better for them now? Dan said. This uses vernacular in the sense the language used is simple and informal, this sort of language is usually used of a country or a district, instead of official and quite formal language which tended to be used in more upmarket environments. Heaneys use of language is always effective and three examples of this are as follows. Heaney seems very controversial in the way he describes things around him and uses these differences to explain his opinions, a good example of this is in the third stanza when he is describing the kittens drowning Like wet gloves they bobbed and shone till he sluiced. He is controversial within this by using the words wet and shone. Wet emphasizes darkness, dreary and damp mainly associated with the winter season and rain, whereas shone emphasizes happy, bright and the sun, mainly associated with summer and sunshine. These two words suggest his immaturity in never being able to make up his mind. Another thing of Seamuss use of language was expressing his sadness and disappointment to the sad news, he uses words which make the reader feel small and trapped into his mind making you feel sorry for him this is shown in stanza four Suddenly frightened, for days I sadly hung. This makes the reader quiet and almost intimidated by his emotions, feeling sorry for him but also embarrassed because maybe it would have been seen as rather over the top. Another example of a use of his language in stanza five is when he expresses anger and distigtive fears of objects in his life, he uses words to make you feel involved and unstoppable to listen on, because the audience know if they werent to carry on all would be left on a cliff hanger. From this extract Until I forgot them. But the fear came back when Dan trapped the big rats. It is building up suspension slowly and takes you into a mind of his childhood and erupts you with self fear and cold blood rushes around the body. His language is emotional, intriguing the audience with his imagination.

How to Use French Punctuation

How to Use French Punctuation Although French and English use nearly all of the same punctuation marks, some of their uses in the two languages are considerably different. Rather than an explanation of the rules of French and English punctuation, this lesson is a simple summary of how French punctuation differs from English. One-Part Punctuation Marks These are very similar in French and English, with a few exceptions. Period or Le Point . In French, the period is not used after abbreviations of measurement:  25 m (mà ¨tres), 12 min (minutes), etc.It can be used to separate the elements of a date:  10 septembre 1973 10.9.1973.When writing numbers, either a period or a space may be used to separate every three digits (where a comma would be used in English):  1,000,000 (English) 1.000.000 or 1 000 000.Its not used to indicate a decimal point (see virgule 1). Commas , In French, the comma is used as a decimal point:  2.5 (English) 2,5 (French).Its not used to separate three digits (see point 3).Whereas in English, the serial comma (the one before and in a list) is optional, it cannot be used in French:  Jai achetà © un livre, deux stylos et du papier.  Not Jai achetà © un livre, deux stylos, et du papier. Note: When  writing numerals, the period and comma are opposites in the two languages:   French English 2,5 (deux virgule cinq)2.500 (deux mille cinq cents) 2.5 (two point five)2,500 (two thousand five hundred) Two-Part Punctuation Marks In French, a space is required both before and after all two- (or more) part punctuation marks and symbols, including : ;  «  » ! ? % $ #. Colon or Les Deux-Points : The colon is much more common in French than in English. It may introduce direct speech; a citation; or the explanation, conclusion, summary, etc. of whatever precedes it. Jean a dit :  « Je veux le faire.  » Jean said, I want to do it.Ce film est trà ¨s intà ©ressant : cest un classique. This movie is interesting: its a classic.  «  » Les Guillemets and - Le Tiret and ... Les Points de Suspension Quotation marks (inverted commas) dont exist in French; the guillemets  «  » are used.   Note that these are actual symbols; they are not just two angle brackets typed together . If you dont know how to type guillemets, see this  page on typing accents. Guillemets are usually used only at the beginning and end of an entire conversation. Unlike in English, where any non-speech is found outside of the quotation marks, in French guillemets do not end when an incidental clause (he said, she smiled, etc.) is added. To indicate that a new person is speaking, atiret (m-dash or em-dash) is added. In English, an interruption or trailing off of speech can be indicated with either atiret or des points de suspension (ellipsis). In French, only the latter is used.  « Salut Jeanne ! dit Pierre. Comment vas-tu ? "Hi Jean!" Pierre says. "How are you?" - Ah, salut Pierre ! crie Jeanne. "Oh, hi Pierre!" shouts Jeanne. - As-tu passà © un bon weekend ? "Did you have a nice weekend?" - Oui, merci, rà ©pond-elle. Mais... "Yes, thanks," she responds. "But- " - Attends, je dois te dire quelque chose d'important  ». "Wait, I have to tell you something important." The tiret can also be used like parentheses, to indicate or emphasize a comment: Paul - mon meilleur ami - va arriver demain. Paul- my best friend- will arrive tomorrow. Le Point-Virgule ; and  Le Point dExclamation ! and  Le Point dInterrogation ? The semi-colon, exclamation point, and question mark are essentially the same in French and English. Je taime; maimes-tu? I love you; do you love me?Au secours! Help!

Economic Growth in Israel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Economic Growth in Israel - Essay Example From this essay it is clear that  the OECD aims at providing support to the member countries to restore confidence in their market and institutions and foster new sources of growth through technology and innovation which would provide a basis for sustainable future economic growth. The data analysis provided by OECD regarding the major economic indicators of the member country Israel will provide a clear picture to its institutions and organisations about the current scenario of the economy and help them to propose appropriate solutions through the application of economic theories and practices. OECD works with the prime motive of providing information on a wider range of topics to provide assistance to the government and other institutions of a member country to formulate appropriate polices that can help them to foster growth and stability in the economy. This report analyzes the major indicators of economic performance of Israel. The data of major economic indicators of Israel a re collected from OECD and can be used to analyze how the growth and performance of the country can be improved based on its reports. There are variety of economic indicators like agriculture, energy, finance, governmental interference, employment, technology and research, health and environment on the basis of which OECD analyzes the performance and growth of Israel. It provides a relative framework for understanding the role of government and local organisations in their contribution towards long term growth and efficiency of the economy.

Curriculum Map and Assessment Strategies Research Paper

Curriculum Map and Assessment Strategies - Research Paper Example With this in mind I undertake the task of handling the following activities. 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Analyzing at least five significant characteristics (or needs) of high school students in my current educational setting. High school student has so many unmet needs because they are in their final transition into adulthood. In this stage, they begin a journey to separate with their parents as they explore and define their independence. For this reason, they have numerous developmental needs. At this juncture, the students are in the stage of making decisions; they ask whom they are, what are they best at, and what they will do after completing school. This means that they are evaluating their abilities, skills, and strengths among others. They face a lot of challenges especially from their peers. The students are constantly finding a place to belong and hence they depend on their peers to feel accepted and for affirmation. Additionally, they face intense pressure regarding risk behaviors and mutual relationship. As a result, they need to be guided in order to make concrete and compounded decisions. Therefore, they should be counseled on how to deal with academic pressures, how to make post-secondary decisions, overcoming college admissions challenges, how to undergo scholarship and the process of financial aid application and how to secure a job in the competitive world. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Proposed curriculum with at least three courses or concentrations for high school students as well providing a rationale for each course. Mathematics curriculum and its Rationale: Mathematics is a subject which helps in creating many opportunities and it enriches lives. This is because mathematics provides students with mathematical skills such as familiarizing with numbers and Algebra, geometry and measurement, probability and statistics among others. Additionally, it increases numeracy knowledge as an essential need for students in their work, civ ic and personal life. It also increases the students’ mathematical reasoning which is a vital necessity in the technological world. The mathematical curriculum focuses on developing mathematical understanding, logical reasoning, fluency, and methodical thought as well as problem-solving skills. These skills help the students cope with many situations in life as they employ mathematical strategies for making informed decisions and in solving problems. Additionally, the curriculum ensures that the student knows how to use mathematical models in other disciplines. English Curriculum and rationale: English is integral in learning and development of all students. This is because it helps in creating good communicators, informed citizens, and imaginative thinkers. By studying English students learn the skills of analyzing, understanding, communicating, and building relationships. English studies also act as the basis for developing skills and knowledge essential for, training, use in the workplace, and education among others. It also gives students courage to express themselves openly and fluently in public. English curriculum is a contributor for national and international building. In the curriculum students are helped to engage imaginatively and critically with literature. This helps in expanding the scope of their experience. The students are also taught how to speak, pronounce and communicate fluently. They are also taught how to dialogue and debate with people whom they encounter in

Globalisation Book Review Essay Example for Free

Globalisation Book Review Essay The world economy is becoming more global in its format. People may not be able to realize the correct depth of this globalization trend and the complexities it creates for the state. International businesses have a huge impact on our daily lives. Right from morning till night we are in the habit of using variety of goods and services made by different countries of the world. The globalization trend started after World War II. U. S. economy became the strongest economy at that time and U. S made their dominance worldwide in almost all major industries. Businesses were forced to build new plants and other facilities, and citizens turned to their work as a source of economic security. Gradually the economy developed and each country developed a competitive advantage in those circumstances. With the passing of time those advantages are being exploited to their maximum. ENVIRONMENT OF GLOBALISATION Environment refers to the totality of all the factors which are external to and beyond the control of individual global business enterprises. Environment furnishes the macro-context, the business firm is the micro-unit. The environmental factors are essentially the givens within which firms and their managements must operate. The value system of society, the rules and regulations laid down by the Government, the monetary policies of the central bank, the institutional set-up of the country, the ideological beliefs of the leaders, the attitude towards foreign capital and enterprise, etc. , all constitute the environment system within which a global firms operate. These environmental factors are many in numbers and various in form. Some of these factors are totally static, some are relatively static and some are very dynamic — they are changing every now and then. Some of these factors can be conceptualized and quantified, while others can be only referred to in qualitative terms. The environmental factors generally vary from country to country. The environment that is typical of Germany may not be found in other countries like the USA, the UK, and Japan. There may be some factors in common, but the order and intensity of the environmental factors do differ between nations. The magnitude and direction of environmental factors differ over regions within a country, and over localities within a region. The environment differs not only over space but also over time from country to country. We can talk of temporal patterns of environment, i. e. , past, present and future environment. Sometimes the environment may be classified into market environment and non-market environment depending upon whether a global firm’s environment is influenced by market forces like demand, supply, number of other firms and the resulting price competition, or non-price competition, etc. , or by non-market forces like Government laws, social traditions, etc. Further, we may classify the environment into economic and non-economic. Non-economic environment refers to social, political, legal, educational and cultural factors that affect state functioning. Economic environment, on the other hand, is given shape and form by factors like the fiscal policy, the monetary policy, the industrial policy resolutions, physical limits on output, the price and income trends, the nature of the economic system at work, the tempo of economic development, the national economic plan, etc. The non-economic environment has economic implications just as the economic environment may have non-economic implications. Since the environment is the sum total of the history, geography, culture, sociology, politics and economics of a nation, the interaction between economic and non-economic forces is bound to take place affecting the society functioning. ECONOMIC FINANCIAL FACTORS Analysis of the business environment in any economy, we may examine the basic propositions as: 1. Business is an economic activity. 2. A business firm is an economic unit. 3. Business decision-making is an economic process. These propositions may be examined separately or jointly to justify the study of the economic environment of global business. Business is an economic activity An economic activity involves the task of adjusting the resources to the targets, or the targets to the resources. An economic activity may assume different forms such as consumption, production, distribution, and exchange. The nature of business differs, depending upon the form of economic activity being undertaken and organized. The manufacturer is primarily concerned with production; the stock exchange business is mainly concerned with the buying and selling of shares and debentures; the business of Government is to run the administration. The Government may also own, control and manage enterprises. These examples can be easily multiplied. The point is that each business has a target to achieve, and for this purpose each business has some resources at its disposal. Sometimes the target has to be matched with the given resources, and sometimes the resources have to be matched with the given target. Either way, the task of business is to optimize the outcome of economic activities. A business enterprise is an economic unit A business firm is essentially a transformation unit. It transforms inputs into outputs of goods or services, or a combination of both. The nature of input requirements and the type of output flows are determined by the size, structure, location and efficiency of the business firm under consideration. Business firms may be of different sizes and forms. They may undertake different types of activities such as mining, manufacture, farming, trading, transport, banking, etc. The motivational objective underlying all these activities is the same viz. , profit maximization in the long run. Profit is essentially a surplus value — the value of outputs in excess of the values of inputs or the surplus of revenue over the cost. A business firm undertakes the transformational process to generate this surplus value. The firm can grow further if the surplus value is productively invested. The firm, therefore, carefully plans the optimum allocation of resources (i. e. , men, money, materials, machines, time, energy, etc. ) to get optimum production. The entire process of creating, mobilization and utilization of the surplus constitutes the economic activity of the business firm, Business decision-making is an economic process Decision-making involves making a choice from a set of alternative courses of action. Choice is at the root of all economic activity. The question of choice and evaluation arises because of the relative scarcity of resources. If the resources had not been scarce, an unlimited amount of ends could have been met. But the situation of resource constraint is very real. A business firm thinks seriously about the optimum allocation of resources because resources are limited in supply and most resources have alternative uses. The firm, therefore, intends to get the best out of given resources or to minimize the use of resources for achieving a specific target. In other words, when input is the constraining factor, the firm’s decision variable is the output. And when output is the constraining factor, the firm’s decision variable is the input. Whatever may be the decision variable, procurement or production, distribution or sale, input or output, decision-making is invariably the process of selecting the best available alternative. That is what makes it an economic pursuit. Since business is an economic activity, a business firm an economic unit, and business decision-making an economic process, it is the economics environment of business which is the primary consideration in evaluating the business policies, business strategies and business tactics of a corporate entity in any global economy.

Wilfred Owen and his Pity of War :: Wilfred Owen Poems Poetry War Literature Essays

Through His Poetry Wilfred Owen Wished to Convey, to the General Public, the Pity of War. In a Detailed Examination of these Poems, With Reference to Others, Show the Different ways in which He achieved this. Wilfred Owen fought in the war as an officer in the Battle of the Somme. He entered the war in January of 1917. However he was hospitalised for war neurosis and was sent for rehabilitation at Craiglockhart War Hospital in Edinburgh that May. At Craiglockhart he met Siegfried Sassoon, a poet and novelist whose grim antiwar works were in harmony with Wilfred Owen's concerns. It was at Craiglockhart where Wilfred Owen produced the best work of his short career under the tutelage of Siegfried Sassoon. Siegfried Sassoon had recently made a public declaration against the continuation of the war by throwing his Military Cross medal for bravery into the River Mersey in Liverpool. Wilfred Owen's earlier work ignored the subject of war but Siegfried Sassoon urged him to write on the war. Wilfred Owen wrote his poems while at Craiglockhart as a cathartic experience to help him to forget his experiences in France. He also wrote his poems as an attempt to stop the war and to make people realise how horrific it was. In a thorough examination of the poems "Anthem for Doomed Youth", "Dulce et Decorum Est" and "Disabled" and also with some reference to other works by Owen, it can be seen that he uses different poetical features, styles and methods. Wilfred Owen addresses his readers from different stances right up to him addressing the reader personally. This method is very effective in evoking feelings from great anger and bitterness to terrible sadness and even sarcasm, making the reader sometimes even feel guilty. Whichever way he chooses to portray the pity of the war the end result is always the same. "Dulce Et Decorum Est" is a direct attack at the people in Britain who had been taken in by the propaganda drive by telling them the truth of what life is really like at the front and in what conditions their sons, fathers, brothers etc. are in. "Dulce Et Decorum Est" consists of four unequal stanzas, the first two in sonnet form, and the last two in a looser structure. The first stanza sets the scene of soldiers limping back from the front. The authorial stance is of Owen telling us of his own personal experiences. The second stanza focuses on one man who could not get his gas mask on in time. This is a recurring nightmare that Owen has, where he sees one man "drown" in the gas and

Describe How Past Ways Of Working May Affect Present Services

Unit 22†¦ Understanding the Context of Supporting Individuals with Learning Disabilities. 1. 1 Identify Legislation and policies that are designed to promote the human rights, inclusion, equal life chances and citizenship of individuals with learning disabilities. Human Rights Stereotyping labelling Discrimination Anti Discrimination Oppression Anti Oppression Valuing people Mental Capacity Act Human Rights Act 2000. No Secrets – Guidance published by the Department of Health, builds upon the governments respects for human rights and highlights the need to protect vulnerable adults through effective multi-agency work.National Care Standards Commission, now the Commission for Social Care Inspection (CSCI). In Safe Hands: Implementing adult procedures in Wales The Human Rights Act 1998 became law in Briton in 2000 and its articles and protocols, give all people constitutional rights that were intended to prevent discrimination and unfair treatment, echoing and the idea of a dvocacy: Being able to say what I like as long as I respect others. Making choices about my life. Expecting people to listen to me.Having information about my rights. Having my rights respected. Being safe at home and having time to myself. Speaking out and complaining if something is wrong. Choosing the people I see and who my friends are. Getting married and having children. Living with people that I get on with. Deciding what I spend my money on and getting paid for what I do. 1. 2 Explain how this legislation and policies influence the day to day experiences of individuals with learning disabilities and their families.There is less ignorance in the community as more people with learning disabilities have been able to have better access in the community and the public are getting use to adapting to them. Also due to training at work the public are getting training at work and this is also making them aware about disabled people and they are being taught about disabled people. Als o due to legislations, disability act's, SOVA and Mental health acts, disabled people are being employed for work and are not being discriminated against and every one suitable for the job regardless of the disability are being adapted to and employed.Also †back in the day† (still in the 20th century) there were a vast amount of institutions and now there are no institutions due to the legislations that have been put in place and the human rights that there are as it is inhumane to institutionalise anyone. Families are also getting more help form the government and are receiving benefits to help them care for their loved ones. They families are also receiving support from the local councils and carers are coming to the home and taking disabled people out in the community. The day centre's also adheres to the day to day legislation, policies and equal opportunities. 2. Explain what is meant by learning disabilities. A significantly reduced ability to understand new or com plex information, to learn new skills with: A reduced ability to cope independently, which started before adulthood with a lasting effect on development. Degrees of Learning Disabilities MILD: Obvious difficulties in learning, especially educational skill, but can acquire skills of everyday living. MODERSTE: Considerable difficulties in learning, will probably need help mastering everyday skills. SEVERE: Substantial difficulties, language abilities will be limited. Will need support with many daily living activities.PROFOUND: Extreme difficulties in all learning. Limited communication and may possibly have physical needs. Will be dependant on others for personal care and other daily living activities. 2. 2 Give examples of causes of learning disabilities. Causes of learning disabilities can occur at various stages of development either before birth or after birth. The disabilities which occur before birth or (pre-natally) are know as congenital causes such as chromosomes, Fragile X Syndrome. In other cases, harmful substances in the womb may affect a foetus, this could include alcoholism or drug abuse during pregnancy. After birth or (post-natally) causes can occur because of illness, injury or environmental conditions, for example: Meningitis†¦.. Brain injury†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Malnutrition. 2. 3 Describe the medical and social models of disabilities. The medical model of disability views disabilities as a problem that belongs to the disabled person. It is not seen as a problem that needs the concern of anyone else apart from the disabled individual affected, for example if a wheelchair user is unable to get into a building because there are steps then, the wheelchair is seen as the problem not the steps, according to the medical model.The social model suggests that it is the steps that are the issue not the wheelchair, as it is the steps which are disabling the person access, which is seen as a barrier. This model suggests that it is society disabling people through designing everything to meet the needs of the majority of people, who are not disabled. The social model believe that there is a gre at deal that society can do to reduce and ultimately remove, some of the barriers.This task is the responsibility of society rather then the person, as far as is reasonably practical – which by if it is a big organisation and it is financially possible and financially beneficial, then it would make sense to adapt and make provisions for disabled people to have access for example, wider doors, disabled toilets, a ramp, lifts if it is not a ground level building, although if it is only a small company then it may not benefit them financially to adapt there building. As if they are not getting the business then there may not be a need to adapt for the one in a million disabled person, as it may not be practical. . 4 State the approximate proportion of individuals with a learning disability for whom the cause in not known. In adults with a mild learning disabilities, 50% of cases have no cause of identification. In adults with severe or profound learning disabilities, chromosomal abnormalities cause around 40% of cases. Prenatal and perinatal problems cause around 10% of learning disability, and post natal issues a further 10% of cases and unknown cause's are at around 25%. 2. 5 Describe the possible impact on a family of having a member with a learning disability.The impacts will depend on the type of condition and severity, as well as the physical, emotional, and financial wherewithal of the family and the resources that are available. Having a family member with a learning disability can be reacted upon in many different ways, for example – A family may see this family member no differently from their other children. They will support the child at home and continue to live ‘normally'. They would get help from the local authorities and from social services and get their family member sent to a special school specific to their needs.They would monitor the progress and aim to teach them personal care, social skills and everyday living skills to make their life as normal as possible. There is possibility that the family member may be challenging but the monitoring that was put in place previously would know what triggers the behaviour, and how to calm them down. The main carer may possibly have to leave work and the family member would have to be their main focus. This may put a struggle on the rest of the family financially and mentally as the rest of the family could feel unappreciated and start having bad behaviour to try and get attention, and to get by.On the other hand a family may feel like they do not have the ability to cope and may put the family member in either foster care or permanent care. Dependant on the severity of the disabled person is dependant on the affect which it could have and dependant on the disability and the severity of the ability. You may have to fight for help from the professionals and be persistent to get the help and support you need and not give up and tat may be hard as at times you may feel let down by the service your being offered or like you are getting nowhere and this could make you feel like giving up.It can broaden horizons, increase family members' awareness of their inner strength, enhance family cohesion, and encourage connections to community groups or religious institutions. On the negative side, the time and financial costs, physical and emotional demands, and logistical complexities associated with raising a disabled person can have far-reaching effects. 3. 1 Explain the types of services that have been provided for individuals with learning disabilities over time. Collages have provided sessions and lessons specifically designed for disabled people to meet their needs.Day centres have been provided for a wide variety of disabled people for stimulation and person centred needs. Charities, volunteers and church run groups are available. Advocacy groups – talk-back. Health care, specialist nurses and education. Ategi. People with learning disab ilities have been assessed in great depth to assess whether they have the capacity to have direct payments and personal budgets. People are getting supported living and outsource day opportunities. 3. 2 Describe how past ways of working may affect present services.Incidents that were happening such as abuse within institutions is one of the main reasons that we now have introduced safeguarding, and also as people were being hidden from the truth of the ongoings in the institutions. Inspections from the likes of C. Q. C are in the pipe line for day services. Safeguarding training has been pushed harder for all employees to get a place on a course for greater understanding and so that the disabled adults are safe. Identify some of the key changes in the following areas of the lives of individuals who have learning disabilities: A) Where People live.Huge changes have been made in society and disabled people now have access to supported living, shared life, Ategi, Respite services and R esidential home services. This provides disabled people who have the ability to live on their own have their mental capacity assessed to decide what the clients needs are based on person centred individual care. B) Daytime activities Charities and volunteers have organised church run groups in late afternoon early/evening's for adults with learning disabilities and the day centres provide stimulating outings for all the clients weekly whether its going for a ride in the bus or going swimming.The government also arranges social worker's to go to their homes and take clients out. C)Employment Each client with a learning disability will have a back to base assessment and this will assess whether a client has the capacity and ability to be able to work in paid employment. Also there are anti discrimination acts in place where if you do have a learning disability, then you are not able to be discriminated against and you have a fair right to employed. D)Sexual relationships and parenthoo d For an adult to have a sexual relationship and consider entering parenthood then the individual(s) will need to have a capacity assessment.With the assessment this determines whether the individual is able to understand and fully consent to the sexual relationship. If it is deemed that the client doesn't have the capacity to have a sexual relationship then the client will not be able to be involved and the client will have to have a best interest assessment in place. If it was deemed appropriate then the social services will become more involved to make sure that any of the individuals involved wasn't being abused in any way under the Sexual Offences Act 2003. If needed you would receive extra support from midwives and social services would monitor you throughout the pregnancy.You could even have extra help during and after for example you may get help for cooking and cleaning and the council would pay for this. If the sexual relationship progressed into something further for inst ance pregnancy, then again the social services would get involved and a capacity assessment would be done to assess whether you are fit to be a parent, and if you were then what help and support you would need if any. Also there would be a best interest assessment whether you are aloud to continue with the pregnancy and whether your aloud to keep the baby or put the baby up for adoption.If you did have the baby and keep the baby then you would be regularly assessed by the social services to make sure that you are coping and if you needed any help and the help and services they could offer you for full support. E) The provision of healthcare Each client has a medical health passport which follows them around whenever they need to go to the doctors or hospital then the medical professionals have the information they need to help medicate you or assess what is wrong to enable the professionals to give you the correct care you need.Each client has there own nurse, who have been trained in learning disabilities so that if you need help or advice then they are there for you and know your history. Also client have transport passports which enables them to travel safely. 4. 1 Explain the meaning of the term ‘social inclusion. Inclusion is based upon the idea of allowing everyone equal access to a service regardless of gender, disability, religion etc. There are many ways to ensure that your setting adheres to its inclusion policy. Here are a few examples.In a learning disability environment you could make access for disabled people possible by providing disabled toilets, ramps and wide doors. You could disabled people and families who have English as a second language resources to help with communication such as books and diagrams of words ; their meanings. Also staff could learn other means of communicate for example makaton and British sigh language as with disabled people with a hearing impairment you could train staff up on sign language to help with communi cation.For people with learning difficulties you could ensure that you gain support from outside agencies such as speech therapists, health visitors, specialist nurses etc. 4. 2 Explain the meaning of the term advocacy. Advocacy is: Protecting your rights when you are vulnerable. Listening to you Ensuring that you are listened to. Providing you with information so that you can make informed choices and decisions. Helping you to express yourself and take part in decisions which affect you. Respecting your right to make your own choices.Being there for you without conflict of interest. Advocacy must: Be Accessible to all who require it. Be Accountable to those who use it and fund it. Put those who use it first. Be as free as possible from conflicts of interest. Describe different types of advocacy. Self advocacy – This refers to the civil rights movement for people with developmental disabilities also called cognitive or intellectual disabilities, and other disabilities. The se lf-advocacy movement is (in basic terms) about people with disabilities speaking up for themselves.Self-Advocacy or Speaking up for yourself is to speak up for oneself, either as a member of a group or as an individual and contains an element of developing the confidence, skills and knowledge to do this. Self-advocacy groups are the same as self-help groups but will often involve the use of a facilitator or supporter where additional skills are required that members of the group do not already have. Peer advocacy – Peer Advocacy refers to â€Å"experts by experience†, and is used to describe advocacy relationships where both the advocate and the advocacy partner share similar experiences, difficulties or discrimination.This can include looked after children, with experience of children’s homes, those with mental ill health, the elderly or people with a learning disability. Peer advocacy is often spontaneous in such settings as day centres. Paid independent advoc acy – In paid advocacy – sometimes called independent advocacy – the advocate receives a salary or a fee per client. Citizen advocacy – ‘Citizen Advocacy organisations' (Citizen Advocacy programs/programmes) seek to cause benefit by reconnecting people who have become isolated from the ordinary community.Statutory advocacy – Statutory Advocacy is a term used to describe advocacy roles that are established in legislation. Statutory advocates will have certain legal rights, and where certain criteria are met, a person may have a right to this form of advocacy. There are two forms of statutory advocacy; Independent Mental Health Advocates (IMHA’s) and Independent Mental Capacity Advocates (IMCA’s). All advocacy types are of equal value. What advocacy is used, and when, should depend on what is best suited to the person who seeks it. A single person may ask for different types of advocacy support at different times in their life.Wha t is common to all types of advocacy is that the person who it is for (in this instance the person with a learning disability) is always at the centre of the advocacy process. It is all about what that person wants, and finding the best way of getting that across to the people who need to know. Advocacy can be like tools in a tool box, the different types can be used together or separately depending on the job that needs to be done. People with learning disabilities say that being part of a self advocacy group or getting support from an advocate is a really important part of being able to take control of their lives. . 4 Describe the ways to build empowerment and active participation into everyday support with individuals with learning disabilities. The way that we build empowerment and active participation in the day services is by giving each client as much control and choice as possible. By knowing and assessing the capacity of the individual and then giving that individual the c hoice and control of their life doing the best we can to help them. 5. 1 Explain how attitudes are changing in relation to individuals with learning disabilities.People with learning disabilities are given their voice and people are now excepting them as individuals and therefore the individual is getting the care and attention they do or don't need, this is making their lives better and more comfortable and so they are happier. Disabled people are now in the public more working and mixing with ‘normal' people and so the ‘normal' people are learning more about the individual and the wideness of people with learning disabilities and how to work with them in and work place and just on a day to day basis.This is giving people in the public a wider knowledge and understanding so they are beginning to accept and learn to work with the disabled. 5. 2 Give examples of positive and negative aspects of being labelled as have a learning disability. Positive: Those who are not exte nsively trained about learning disabilities may think they understand their problems, when they really don't, and have unrealistic expectations or make assumptions that they cant do something that they can actually do. Choosing to allow a person to be abelled as learning disabled can provide the person with many advantages and specific adaptations can be made at their school/workplace. They may also receive special understanding from their teacher/colleges and others. If they realize that a learning disability is something that simply affects how another person learns, they may come to respect that persons abilities rather than focus on their areas of weakness. Negative: Being labelled as having a learning disability. Labels are for life, and many people fear that having a label attached them will cause people to treat them in a negative way.Most people do not understand what it means to have a learning disability, and may discriminate against someone who is labelled as having a lea rning disability. 5. 3 Describe steps that can be taken to promote positive attitudes towards individuals with learning disabilities and their family/carers. Care in the community and action toward greater integration amongst mainstream society. To provide assistance and education for learning disabled people to gather the skills to live a less marginalised and more independent life within society.As well as modernising day services to help encourage independent living and social skills for forming meaningful relationships with a different groups of people. The local authority must evaluate the person's needs and make provisions where possible. 5. 4 Explain the roles of external agencies and others in changing attitudes, policies and practice. Agencies and care providers have a role to play in changing the situation. People with learning disabilities should be supported to be all they can be, and to achieve their fundamental human rights, including the right to make an informed choi ce about whether or not to form relationships.They are also working to improve conditions of the individuals that they work for. Some of the external agencies whom would be involved: Care Quality Commission, General Social Care Council, Skills for Care (includes Common Induction Standards) Health & Safety Executive, Social Care Institute for Excellence,the organisation you work for, yourself, advocates, citizens' advice bureau, charities, organisations, (Action on Hearing Loss, Scope, RNIB, Sense, Dementia UK, Alzheimer's Society, Parkinsons UK.The roles of external agencies are: Having to keep updated with legislation and training on all the staff. This is agencies with whom the day centre uses: Doctors/Nurses, carers/parents, care managers and physiotherapists. Carers and families attitudes with regards to policy and practice is to have continued communication with all professionals. 6. 1 Identify ways of adapting each of the following when communicating with individuals who have learning difficulties.Verbal communication:To learn the language that the client uses and the facial expression that the client uses as this can help you to understand how the client feels, also to listen to the client and not to finish the sentence for the client as this can lead to misunderstandings and confusions. You need to use simpler terms and never must use slang or jargon. Non Verbal communication:To watch facial expressions and body language that the client uses. Braille and sensory equipment will also help with communication and the clients needs.Using bright colours, picture cards and makaton/sigh language. 6. 2 Explain why it is important, to use language that is both ‘age appropriate' and ability appropriate' when communicating with individuals with learning disabilities. Its important to use age appropriate language as the client may have the ability to understand and respond to you when spoken to correctly, also you don't want the client to loose the ability to communicate, don't use big, long fancy words or talk fast.Every one has different abilities some individuals can walk and talk and some are highly dependable on the help of others, some people can interact with others but some may not have the mental ability to. All clients have different abilities for instance one client will be able to communicate with you to tell you what they would like to eat, some may be able to show you through pointing or eye contact and others may only be able to show you through trial and error e. g. if they eat the food or spit it out.You should use shorter sentences and give them time to take in what you are saying and be patient, give the client enough time to take in what you have said not rushing them. If you speak to the client like a child then this may upset of distress the client and make him/her feel inadequate, which could lead to further issues. When communicating you need to always communicate clearly and use basic English unless stated other wise otherwise this could lead to misunderstandings. 6. 3 Describe ways of checking whether an individual has understood communications, and how to address any misunderstandings.By knowing how the client communicates, you can read the facial expressions for example – blinking, head movements, sounds or body movements. If a client has misunderstood what you have said then the client may either not answer or act differently or answer even though they are not aware what they are saying. If the client is struggling to understand you or you think the client has misunderstood you then you need to rephrase the question or use visual aids, as this could help you to explain it in another way.

Barack Obama`S Speech Analysis

INTRODUCTION The aim of this paper is to examine the strategies of President Barack Obama, and its ideological component, also why Barack Obama use exact words and how strong is the influence. The topic has been studied before by Juraj Horvath (2010),Jana Langrova(2010) and Junling Wang(2010). Therefore, the goal of the conducted research paper is to find out which of the political are used more often in the speech of Barack Obama, and what does it mean. The enabling objectives to get the research goal are the following: ) To read and analyze the secondary sources on the research topic 2) To collect the empirical data 3) To implement the necessary research method 4) To create a table, showing the most frequent terms. The hypothesis is that convinced political terms are used more often in the speech of Barack Obama than other terms. The research methods of research applied in the study: Library research: the study of the secondary sources on the research theme. Quantitative empirical research method: corpus-based quantitative research.The main research method applied in the study was quantitative frequency analysis. Chapter 1 is devoted to the secondary sources analysis on the research topic. Chapter 2 explains the research methodology applied in the study. Chapter 3 presents the research results and discussion on finding. Appendix contains the table presenting the most frequently used terms. Analysis of Secondary Sources (The Literature Review) Chapter I presents the literature connected with analysis of Barack Obama`s speeches.The power and influence of Barack Obama speeches are discussed in this text; also his expressed ideology and its manipulations are mentioned then. Opinions and thoughts of Juraj Horvath â€Å"Critical Discourse Analysis of Obama`s Political Discourse† and Jana Langrova â€Å"Ideology in Obama`s Prague Speech in the Mirror of Discourse Analysis† (2010) are presented and compared in Chapter I. Juraj Horvath used quantitative method to write his analysis, and when he counted all the words, what he were interested in, he expressed the ideas, which are very remarkable. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ new†, which characterizes the strategy and ideas of the newly sworn president and his administration†, this extract is about Barack Obama`s often used word â€Å"new†. Juraj Horvath`s opinion about the use of this word is very interesting. He considers that the fact of using the word â€Å"new†, so often as Barack Obama does, shows his ideological aspects and promptitude for the innovations. Jana Langrova looked for the rhyme, speed and phonetic features of Barack Obama`s speech, but her conclusion and thoughts are very similair to Juraj Horvath.Jana Langrova considered that his speech employs rhyme, repetition and stress. He also stresses the word â€Å"new† in his speeches very often, and Jana Langrova noticed it. â€Å"There is new energy to harness, new jobs to be created, new schools to b uilt†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ,-these are Barack Obama`s words which were analyzed by two people. To summarize, Chapter I deals with the secondary sources concerned with previous analysis of the speeches of Barack Obama. Methodology This Chapter II will deal with the methodology used in this research.First the research method will be presented and then the research procedure will be described step by step. There are many methods to analyze the text, but theme of chosen paper will be analyzed by quantitative method. Quantitative research is used generally in social sciences such as political science. Qualitative methods construct information just on the particular cases studied, and any more main conclusions are only hypotheses. Quantitative methods may be used to verify, which hypotheses are true.Advocates of quantitative methods dispute that only by use of such methods can the social sciences become truly scientific, also advocates of qualitative methods argue that quantitative methods tend to obscure the reality of the public phenomena under the study, because they abandon the non-measurable issues, which could be the most valuable. In this paper the author was used to gather quantitative data —to deal with information connected with numbers and anything that is measurable. Statistics, tables and graphs will be presented as the results of these methods in appendix.The following chapter will be devoted to giving the results. Findings and Discussion The world of linguistics has been affected he and stimulated by Barack Obama`s individuality. Many new words have been created. Obamania, is linking with the passion and obsession he has been accepted and favored by many. Barack Obama`s ideology and philosophy have been referred to as one of the most confusing and difficult ideologies to analyze. In the speech of Barack Obama the strong religious content ideas can be found, for example: 1) â€Å"Thank you. God bless you.And God bless the United States of America. † 2) â€Å"This is the source of our confidence – the knowledge that God calls on us to shape an uncertain destiny. † 3) â€Å"†¦on the horizon and God’s grase upon us, we carried forth that great gift of freedom and delivered it safely to future generations. † 4) â€Å"†¦the God – given promise that all are equal, all are free and all deserve a chance to pursue their full measure of happiness. † That fact that he also uses the direct and indirect speeches from Bible can all help Barack Obama to win the supporting of audience.The fact, which was very interesting to find out was that Barack Obama uses the words â€Å"we†, â€Å"Americans†, â€Å"each of us†, â€Å"all†, â€Å"our† very often to his speech(1), and from the psychological point of view it is made to create a close relationship between the president an his honorable audience. ( From Barack Obama`s inaugural speech quantitative analysi s) In order to arrive at a more quantitative result of this analysis, a keyword analysis of the most frequently used words and nuances in Obama`s speech gave the following findings.His speech consisted of 2403 words, and the pronoun â€Å"we† – was repeated 62 times. It was the most frequently used word by Barack Obama,for example: 1) â€Å"†¦we must work together†¦Ã¢â‚¬  2) â€Å"†¦we are bound by shared values†¦Ã¢â‚¬  3) â€Å"†¦we will seek to include all nuclear weapons†¦Ã¢â‚¬  4) â€Å"†¦we believe†¦Ã¢â‚¬  5) â€Å"†¦we cannot succeed†¦Ã¢â‚¬  6) â€Å"†¦we know the path†¦Ã¢â‚¬  7) â€Å"†¦we have to insist†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Also it is important to mention that it was very interesting to found that Barack Obama uses biblical language and quotations, non-traditional speech, and his position shows his liberal stand of him, what could be found in each speech of Barack Obama.Finally, the most imp ortant part, what I have found in his speeches is that Obama want to create a new nation which will be free from the war or other bad influence, and also he tries to get away from the old partisan divisions and looks for to be perceived as being above ideology. His thoughts and ideology about the better future without any bad elements in it show the hidden meaning of his ideas and promisses, which is logically followed from his ideas – â€Å"new† is always better, and for him the best nation is new = free nation.

Operation Thriller, a Free Writing Competition

Operation Thriller, a Free Writing Competition Operation: Thriller, a Free Writing Competition A month or so ago, we had a nice chat with Monica Landers, the CEO of Authors.me, a cool startup looking to facilitate the submissions and acquisitions process for authors, agents, and publishers alike.We’ve been wanting to run a writing competition for a quite a bit, and Authors.me provided the perfect platform for us and our judges to handle the submissions and go through them. So we decided to finally do it and launch our first writing contest, Operation: Thriller, together with them.UPDATE:  As of 2018, we now run a weekly writing competition here at Reedsy! Click here to enter, and check out this directory for 300+ more writing contests around the web!  Ã°Å¸ â€ How to enter the writing competitionThe contest is open to all US and UK authors, and you don’t have to pay a thing because there is no entry fee. The only thing required is that you have written a thriller novel (i.e. a work of fiction of 60,000 to 90,000 words). The story must be for an adult audience and have a thriller intrigue as main component. Cosy crime or cosy mystery novels will not be accepted.. Paranormal or speculative fiction elements are allowed as long as the thriller intrigue stays predominant. For example, if yours is the first book of a dystopian trilogy, we won’t accept it, even if it’s fast-paced. However, we will accept techno-thrillers.If you have any doubts, feel free to ask here in the comments, or alternatively go ahead and submit, you’ve got nothing to lose after all! To submit, just head over to the writing competition’s landing page and click on â€Å"Enter the Competition†. You’ll be using the Authors.me platform to upload your book and fill in the details (metadata) about it, which makes it both easier for you to submit, and for the judges to review!You have until March 31st to submit your entry.The judges and the review processAfter that deadline, we will give our judges one month to go through the submissio ns to pick the three winners. You will be evaluated on all the usual elements of your craft by four seasoned professionals who do that for a living (read more about them here).Of course, special attention will be paid to the first few pages of your manuscript, so make sure that they're as strong as they can be before submitting! We'd recommend checking out our "query boot camp" column for advice on writing a thriller submission.We’re particularly happy to have two Reedsy editors among the four judges: ex Orion Books editor Joanne Glehill and ex Egmont Books commissioning editor Philippa Donovan, who both have extensive experience  in the thriller genre.The winners will be announced on May 9th, 2016.Awesome Reedsy and cash prizesWe have the chance to have some of the world’s best editors on the Reedsy marketplace, so we thought we’d allow the writing competition’s winners to benefit from their expertise – for free. We’ll be offering a free developmental edit to the first winner and a free editorial assessment to the runner-up.On top of this, Authors.me offers a free 1-year subscription to their premium service, Authors Discovery, to all 3 winners. Last but not least, there are up to $1,300 of cash prizes to grab.Here’s the exact break-out of the prizes for the three winners of the writing competition.Care to help us spread the word? Here's an easy for you 🙂 Check out this free Thriller Competition! #ThrillerWriter #writingcontest pic.twitter.com/3IcXtb90hr Enter the contest here! And if you have any questions, feel free to ask us in the comments. An "oh it's so cool you're doing this" will also be accepted in the comments 😉

How Your Learning Style Affects How You Learn Spanish

How Your Learning Style Affects How You Learn Spanish Whats your learning style? Knowing and adjusting your studying accordingly could pay off for learning Spanish- and other subjects as well. All of us learn in our unique ways, but in general there are three common types of learning styles: Visual Auditory Kinesthetic As is probably obvious, visual learners can learn best when they see what theyre trying to learn, and auditory learners do best when they can listen. Kinesthetic learners learn best by doing or when learning involves their hands or other parts of their body. Everybody uses all of these methods at one time or another, but most of us find some methods easier than others. An auditory student may do quite well listening to plain lectures, while a visual student appreciates having explanations put on the blackboard or displayed on an overhead projector. Examples of Putting Learning Styles to Work What does all this have to do with learning Spanish? By finding out your preferred learning style, you can tailor your studies to emphasize what works best: Visual learners more often do well using books, and flashcards for rote memorization. If they also dont have a strong auditory aptitude, they may struggle with developing conversation skills. One way they can boost their listening skills is to use computer programs or video devices to provide subtitles or other visual clues to what theyre hearing.Auditory learners may have the easiest time developing conversation skills. They benefit more than other types of learners by listening to instructional tapes, watching Spanish TV, listening to Spanish radio, or listening to Spanish music.Kinesthetic or tactile learners often need to use some sort of physical activity to help themselves learn. For many, merely taking notes during class or from a textbook can help. They also do well to speak their lessons out loud, or use software that encourages interactivity. Of course, some learning methods can come two or even all three approaches. Turning on the Spanish-language subtitles for a Spanish-language TV show can benefit both visual and auditory learners. Visual-kinesthetic learners might try models or perhaps pets they can touch to learn the names of objects or components such as body parts. Visiting a place, such as a market, where Spanish is spoken might reinforce all three learning methods. In general, focus on your strengths as you learn- if more than one of these approaches works, combine them. Personal Examples Ive seen the differences in learning styles in my own home. Im a strong visual learner, and as such I found learning to converse in Spanish much more difficult than learning to read, write, or learn grammar. I also appreciate diagrams and charts as an aid in learning and am a naturally good speller simply because words spelled wrong look wrong. My wife, on the other hand, is a strong auditory learner. She has been able to pick up some Spanish simply by listening to my conversations, a feat that seems almost incomprehensible to me. Shes one of those people who knows the words to a song after the first time she hears it, and that auditory aptitude has served her well in picking up foreign languages. In college she would spend hours listening to German tapes, and years later native German speakers were surprised to find out she had never visited their country. Kinesthetic  learners can have the most difficulty learning, because schools as they are traditionally operated dont take them into account as much as they do auditory and visual learners, especially past elementary age. I have a son who is a kinesthetic learner, and it showed from an early age. Even when beginning to read he would prefer to do so while walking around the house, as if the motion of walking would somehow help him read. And more than any other child Ive seen, during the age of primary school he was prone to act out stories with his toys, something his siblings never did. Two Students’ Experiences In a forum once associated with this site, heres how one Spanish student named Jim explained his learning method that focused on an auditory approach: Many years [after high school], borne from my desire to learn, I got a Spanish/English dictionary, started watching Spanish TV every day, started listening to Spanish radio. I started learning about the great Latin music artists and culture. I used translation websites, downloaded lyrics from bilingual artists like Enrique Iglesias, Gloria Estefan. I talked with my friends who are fluent, bought People magazine in Spanish. In short my method is total immersion.In a year and a half, native Spanish speakers say my Spanish is very good. Im still striving for fluency, but Im at a good level of understanding. Of all I do find the television especially beneficial because you both see and hear. With a new television you can have the words on the screen, which really helps as well. Another adult Spanish student, named Mike, explained his combination approach like this: During my daily three hours of commuting, I listen to Spanish radio, listen to mà ºsica latina (a good two-thirds of my CDs are Latin), listen to Spanish books-on-tape, and any other audio material I can get my hands on. Id watch Spanish-language TV except that what passes for a cable company around here doesnt offer any Spanish channels.If theres a book I want to read, I try to find it in Spanish. This task has become considerably easier in the last couple of years, as publishers and booksellers in the U.S. have finally awakened to the potential of the Spanish-speaking market.I think in Spanish as much as I can, and when I talk to myself, its in Spanish. (The latter is usually advisable only while alone. One more item for the commute.)I translate, both for work and for fun.I participate with some like-minded people in a series of group tutoring sessions conducted by a Chilean lady several times a year, for six weeks at a time, with the sessions being held at a group members home. S he brings some study material and assigns some homework, but its mainly an opportunity to get together and practice our Spanish in a guided way. Much more fun than formal classes, especially since you seldom get to study with a margarita in your hand in a class! Ive downloaded and installed the Spanish-language interface for Internet Explorer and for any other program I use that has it available. At home and at work. Good practice, and remarkably effective in discouraging the monolinguals from borrowing my computer. Remember, no one learning style is inherently better than another; each has advantages and drawbacks, depending on what youre trying to learn. By adapting what you want to know to your learning style, you can make learning easier and more enjoyable.

Clinical NutritionThemainelementsof dietaryfiberare Non-starch Essay

Clinical Nutrition - Essay Example Different non-starch polysaccharides have unique physical-chemical properties very vital to their physiological properties owing to the structural variability. The physicochemical properties of NSP such as viscosity, water-holding capacity, fermentation, and the capacity to bind organic and inorganic molecules makes it an essential component of the diet. According to (Mann, et al., 2007), these physiological properties associated with their consumption include; a. Reduced bowel passage time and improved stool bulk. It helps prevent constipation by increasing bulk of the gut content by their ability to bind water, thus allowing easy passage through the human intestine. Hence speeds the passage of foods through the digestive system, which facilitates regular defecation. b. Reducing concentrations of post-prandial blood glucose and /or insulin. This means that it enhances improvements in glucose tolerance and the insulin response by adding bulk and weight to the diet. There are improvem ents in glucose tolerance and the insulin response since NSP attracts water.. c. Reducing concentrations of blood total and/or LDL cholesterol. It reduces hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and other coronary heart disease risk factors by lowering total and LDL cholesterol. d. Reduces the risk of colon cancer. There is the reduced risk of developing some cancers such as Colorectal through balancing intestinal pH and restricts the production of harmful by-products of protein. e. Improves gastrointestinal health. There are improvements in gastrointestinal health through toning of the gut muscles plus fermentation of NSP improves absorption of minerals, especially calcium. The short chain fatty acids assist to lower the pH of the colon, inhibiting the growth of pathogenic organisms, increasing mineral absorption, maintaining normal bowel structure and function, preventing or alleviating colon-based diarrhea, and stimulating the colonic blood flow and fluid and electrolyte uptake.